A new sinkhole attack detection algorithm for RPL in wireless sensor networks (WSN)

With the continuous improvement of science and technology, wireless sensor network technology has gradually been widely used, and provides great convenience for people's living, but with the continuous improvement of the degree of application, wireless sensor network security issues also enter people's field of vision. Sensor nodes can be used for continuous sensing, event recognition and event identification. 6LoWPAN plays an important role in this convergence of heterogeneous technologies, which allows sensors to transmit information using IPv6 stack. Sensors perform critical tasks and become targets of attacks. Sinkhole attack is one of the most common attacks to sensor networks, threatening the network availability by dropping data or disturbing routing paths. RPL is a standard routing protocol commonly used in sensor networks. Therefore, this research presents the works in designing and developing Secured-RPL using the eave-listening concept (overhearing) to treating sinkhole attack. The suggested mechanism method could determine transmitted packages then overhear to the received packet, meaning that the node can overhearing to the neighbor node. Furthermore, three different simulation scenarios were applied, which are the scenario without attacker nodes, scenario with attacker nodes and the scenario with attacker and security by using Cooja simulator to Measurement and analysis performance of RPL in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR) and power consumption over different packet transmission rate. The experimental results show that the proposed recognition method can identify sinkholes attack effectively and with less storage cost under various wireless sensor networks. Where the optimization ratio of the PDR in scenario with attacker node with the security was close to the scenario with a normal node

Two-level scheduling scheme for integrated 4G-WLAN network

In this paper, a novel scheduling scheme for the Fourth Generation (4G)-Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) network is proposed to ensure that end to end traffic transaction is provisioned seamlessly. The scheduling scheme is divided into two stages; in stage one, traffic is separated into Actual Time Traffic (ATT) and Non-Actual-Time Traffic (NATT), while in stage two, complex queuing strategy is performed. In stage one, Class-Based Queuing (CBQ) and Deficit Round Robin (DRR) are used for NATT and ATT applications, respectively to separate and forward traffic themselves according to source requirements. Whereas in the stage, two Control Priority Queuing (CPQ) is used to assign each class the appropriate priority level. Evaluation of the performance of the integrated network was done according to several metrics such as end-to-end delay, jitter, packet loss, and network’s throughput. Results demonstrate major improvements for AT services with minor degradation on NAT applications after implementing the new scheduling scheme

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Self Compacting Reinforced Concrete Dapped End Beams Strengthened with CFRP Sheets

الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو التحري عمليا عن سلوك الاعتاب الخرسانية الذاتية الرص ذات النهايات المستدقة المقواة بشرائح الياف الكاربون البوليمرية، ثم نظريا بواسطة برنامج ANSYS. يتكون البرنامج من اختبار 14 عينة ذات أبعاد (200 × 400 × 1500 ملم) مع قيمتين من (a/d) وهي (1.5 و1.0). وكانت اثنتين من الاعتاب مرجعية (بتسليح كامل) كما تم تقوية الاعتاب الأخرى في مناطق ((hanger & nib بعدة تشكيلات بشرائح الكاربون البوليمرية لنفس القيم من (a/d)، وشملت المقارنة بين النتائج منحنيات التحمل والهطول. وقد وجد أن طريقة STM متحفظة جدا بطريقة ما، وان تقليل حديد nib بنحو (60٪)، قلل من حمل الفشل بحوالي (35٪ و15٪) للقيمتين (a /d). فيما يتعلق بالعينات المقواة، لوحظ أن التقوية بشرائح الياف الكاربون البوليمرية المائلة بزاوية (450) أسفرت عن نتائج أفضل بالمقارنة مع االتشكيلات الأخرى. كان التحسن في سعة التحميل حوالي (23٪) لـ (a/d=1.5 , 1.0). كذلك وجد أن التحليل اللاخطي المعتمد في هذا العمل مقارنة مع فحوصات العملي أسفر عن توافق جيد مع فرق يبلغ حوالي (12٪).This study aims to investigate experimentally the behavior of self-compacting reinforced concrete dapped end beams strengthened with CFRP sheets and, then theoretically by ANSYS 15.0 software. The experimental program consists of testing 14-specimens each of dimensions (200x400x1500 mm) with two values of Shear span to depth effective (a/d), namely (1.5 and 1.0). Two of the beams are a control beams (with full reinforcement), and four beams with reduced reinforcement in hanger and nib regions. The other beams have been strengthened with several configurations by CFRP sheets for the same values of (a/d), the comparison between results included load-deflection curves and cracked specimens. It was found that the strut and tie model (STM) is very conservative somehow, reduction the nib reinforcements by about (60%), in reduction in failure load by about (35% and 15%) for the two values of (a/d). With respect to the strengthened specimens, it observed that the strengthening with inclined CFRP strips (450) yielded better results in comparison with other configurations. The improvement in load capacity was about (23%) for (a/d=1.5 and 1.0). Also, it is found that the nonlinear model adopted in the present work compered the experimental tests yielded a good agreement with difference of about (12%)

Difficulties of Nursing Students During Clinical Training

Background: Nursing practice in the 21st century faces a number of challenges including increased nursing teaching schools and institutes, in adequate nursing staff, increasing healthcare costs, limited facilities, need for preceptor (link teacher), in adequate quality and numbers of hospitals. Clinical practice is crucial in nursing to integrate theory and practice to acquire skills and capability of critical thinking, solve problems and decision making. Aim of the Study: identify the difficulties which encountered the students of nursing college in the hospitals of Kirkuk city during study year 2011-2012, also to assess the extent of benefit from clinical training in the hospitals.   Methodology: A descriptive study, using the assessment approach was conducted on students of college of nursing /Kirkuk University from 2/5/2012 to 24/4/2013. A purposive, non-probability sample composed of (200) students (male & female) from the (2nd, 3rd &4th) classes were selected for the study. A questionnaire was developed for purposive of study & included 3 parts were demographic data, difficulties which encountered student & benefit of student from clinical training. The analysis of data was done by application of descriptive statistical data analysis approach (frequency, percentage, and the mean of scores).   Results: The age group (22-24) years was represent (51%) of the sample, the female represent (80%) from the sample, 2nd class were (42%) from the sample, & (68, 5%) were living in urban.   Conclusions: Most of the students were young, female, live in urban, and from the 2nd class. The findings were moderate for the teacher related factors, Health staff & patients related factors, student & tasks performance related factors, place and time related factors, And most of the students were moderately benefited from clinical training in the hospitals

Field programmable gate array implementation of multiwavelet transform based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system

This article offers an efficient design and implementation of a discrete multiwavelet critical-sampling transform based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DMWCST-OFDM) transceiver using field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. The design uses 16-point discrete multiwavelet critical-sampling transform (DMWCST) and its inverse as main processing modules. All modules were designed using a part of Vivado® Design Suite version (2015.2), which is Xilinx system generator (XSG), and is compatible with MATLAB Simulink version R2013b. The FPGA implementation is carried out on a Zynq (XC7Z020-1CLG484) evaluation board with joint test action group (JTAG) hardware co-simulation. According to the results obtained from the implementation tools, the implemented system is efficient in terms of resource utilization and could support the real-time operations

Design of a microwave based mobile thermo-chemical unit for biomedical waste treatment

Biomedical waste (BMW) contains pathogenic microorganisms that may severely harm the community and environment. Due to the Covid pandemic-2019, isolated wards at health care units and even due to the home treated patients; vast quantities of BMW are generated. Covid-19 converts even ordinary waste such as gloves, testing kits, and personal protective equipment into high-risk BMW. The appropriate disposal of such waste involves safety, affordability, and efficacy; hence can be considered a complex issue. A solution proposed in this article is an OSBMWTU (on-site biomedical waste treatment unit) by using microwave radiation. The possibility of enhancing the thermal effect of microwave radiation by using chemical additives was tested. The proposed machine reduces waste volume, inactivates microorganisms, and disposes BMW on-site. Findings suggest that adding butter spray to microwave radiation enhances thermal effectiveness by 43%, increasing treatment temperature while minimizing time, power, and running costs. The proposed machine will work automatically after filling the BMW, thus, minimizing the human involvement. It prevents bio-hazardous waste accumulation and decreases its volume by up to 80%. The designed machine is characterized by safety, low cost, and small dimensions. A machine that can handle 72 kg BMW/day can be set up on-site in an area of 1.5 m2. The suggestion of the proposed machine as a BMW management and treatment system will reduce environmental pollution due to BMW during COVID-19 and even after the pandemic

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical and health sciences students in IIUM Kuantan regarding human papilloma virus vaccination

Introduction: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the major causal agent for the fourth most frequent cancer in women which is cervical cancer. HPV vaccine is already available as the primary prophylactic method for cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding HPV and its vaccination among medical and health sciences students in the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from November until December 2017. Pretested and validated questionnaire was distributed among third-year students from the faculties of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and allied health sciences. Results: The results showed that the level of knowledge was good for medicine and dentistry students while poor for pharmacy and allied health sciences students. Medicine students showed the highest level of knowledge compared to other faculties (p=0.000016). The majority of students had a positive attitude towards HPV vaccination. A small percentage of students were fully vaccinated (13.65%, 37) with no significant difference between different faculties. Conclusion: In conclusion, the levels of knowledge and attitude of the respondents were high and positive, respectively. More awareness, healthcare programs, and campaigns should be run at the campus

Knowledge, attitude and practice of medical and health sciences students in IIUM Kuantan regarding human papilloma virus vaccination

Introduction: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the major causal agent for fourth most frequent cancer in women which is cervical cancer. HPV vaccine is already available as the primary prophylactic method for cervical cancer. The objective of this study is to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding HPV and its vaccination among medical and health sciences students in the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from November until December 2017. Pre-tested and validated questionnaire was distributed among third year students from faculties of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy and allied health sciences. Results: The results shows that total knowledge of students was good for medicine and dentistry student while poor for pharmacy and allied health sciences students. Medicine students showed the highest level of knowledge compared to other faculties (p=0.000016). The majority of students has a positive attitude towards HPV vaccination. Conclusion: In conclusion, the levels of knowledge and attitude of the respondents were high and positive, respectively. Small percentage of students are fully vaccinated (13.65%, 37) with no significant difference between different faculties. More awareness, healthcare programs and campaigns should be run at the campus

Visible light communication using new Flip-FBMC modulation system technique

Filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) modulation in the visible light communication (VLC) system is one of the most promising modulation systems in optical wireless communications (OWC), especially in 5G and 6G future applications. FBMC has a wide bandwidth compared to other modulation systems. One of the highest degree essential conditions for utilising the signal in VLC is that the signal is real positive, the signal is agreeable with intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD), where Hermitian symmetry (H.S) is utilised to get a real signal (RE) and to be unipolar direct current (DC)-bias is used. Here the challenge arises as this method increases complicating, due to the modulation of the N number of frequency symbols, these symbols need 2N inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) and fast fourier transform (FFT), in addition to energy consumption. This research focused on the time domain and not the frequency domain by using the traditional complex FBMC generation signal, and to obtain the RE signal by placing the RE signal side by side with the imaginary signal (IMs) in a row, and then using new Flip-FBMC technology, which saves more energy. The proposed technologies provide approximately 57% of the number of IFFT/FFT. The use of Flip-FBMC technology consumes less energy than traditional technologies with better bit error rate (BER) performance

A Review of Non-Invasive Haptic Feedback stimulation Techniques for Upper Extremity Prostheses

A sense of touch is essential for amputees to reintegrate into their social and work life. The design of the next generation of the prostheses will have the ability to effectively convey the tactile information between the amputee and the artificial limbs. This work reviews non-invasive haptic feedback stimulation techniques to convey the tactile information from the prosthetic hand to the amputee’s brain. Various types of actuators that been used to stimulate the patient’s residual limb for different types of artificial prostheses in previous studies have been reviewed in terms of functionality, effectiveness, wearability and comfort. The non-invasive hybrid feedback stimulation system was found to be better in terms of the stimulus identification rate of the haptic prostheses’ users. It can be conclude that integrating hybrid haptic feedback stimulation system with the upper limb prostheses leads to improving its acceptance among users